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Spanish wine
Spanish wines ((スペイン語:vinos españoles)) are wines produced in Spain. Located on the Iberian Peninsula, Spain has over 2.9 million acres (over 1.17 million hectares) planted—making it the most widely planted wine producing nation〔K. MacNeil ''The Wine Bible'' pg 410-422 Workman Publishing 2001 ISBN 1-56305-434-5〕 but it is the third largest producer of wine in the world, the largest being France followed by Italy.〔(Skynews.com, accessed 1 March 2011 )〕 This is due, in part, to the very low yields and wide spacing of the old vines planted on the dry, infertile soil found in many Spanish wine regions. The country is ninth in worldwide consumptions with Spaniards drinking, on average, 21.6 litres (5.706 US gal) per person a year. The country has an abundance of native grape varieties, with over 400 varieties planted throughout Spain though 80 percent of the country's wine production is from only 20 grapes—including the reds Tempranillo, Garnacha, and Monastrell; the whites Albariño from Galicia, Palomino, Airen, and Macabeo; and the three cava grapes Parellada, Xarel·lo, and Macabeo.
Major Spanish wine regions include the Rioja and Ribera del Duero which are known for their Tempranillo production; Valdepeñas, drunk by Unamuno and Hemingway, known for high quality tempranillo at low prices; Jerez, the home of the fortified wine Sherry; Rías Baixas in the northwest region of Galicia that is known for its white wines made from Albariño and Catalonia which includes the Cava and still wine producing regions of the Penedès as well the Priorat region.〔
==History==
The abundance of native grape varieties fostered an early start to viticulture with evidence of grape pips dating back to the Tertiary period. Archaeologists believe that these grapes were first cultivated sometime between 4000 and 3000 BC, long before the wine-growing culture of the Phoenicians founded the trading post of Cádiz around 1100 BC.〔J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 652-65 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕 Following the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians introduced new advances to the region-including the teachings of the early viticulturist Mago.〔H. Johnson ''Vintage: The Story of Wine'' pg 85, Simon and Schuster 1989 ISBN 0-671-68702-6〕 Carthage would wage a series of wars with the emerging Roman Republic that would lead to the Roman conquest of the Spanish mainland, known as ''Hispania''.〔
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